Insulin resistance, largely caused by obesity and physical inactivity, both precedes and predicts type 2 diabetes. The most serious problem is hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can cause disorientation. Chronic diseases and their common risk factors pdf. Determinants of the impaired secretion of glucagonlike peptide1 in type 2 diabetic patients. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Type ii diabetes mellitus or niddm is an endocrine abnormality caused by insulin resistance or insufficient levels of insulin. Type 2 means that your body doesnt use insulin properly. This ailment is a disease state which involves the dysfunction of insulinproducing pancreatic beta cells, insulin hormone resistance in cells of the. Type 1 diabetes t1d is a disorder that arises following the autoimmune destruction of insulinproducing pancreatic b cells atkinson. The main marker of diabetes is high blood sugar glucose.
Adult type 1 toolkit jdrf type 1 diabetes research. A 55yearold construction worker diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes mellitus 5 years ago, with current glycosylated hemoglobin hba 1c level of 7. Pharmacy staff can help with selecting sugar free cold medicines and cough syrups. Type 1 diabetes mellitus t1dm is a chronic, lifelong disorder of glucose homeostasis characterized by autoimmune destruction of the insulinproducing pancreatic bcell, leading progressively to. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. Type 1 diabetes mellitus an autoimmune disease which destroys the cells which make insulin. Diabetes mellitus type ii treatment, symptoms, medications. At first, the pancreas makes extra insulin to make up for it. Nur 201 diabetes powerpoint free download as powerpoint presentation. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus oxford medicine. Type 2 diabetes is a bipolar disease characterized by a defect in both insulin. Diabetic neuropathies dn heterogeneity in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with the same pattern of glycemic control dn are a common, albeit underd dn are a common, albeit underdiagnosed, and debilitating disorder. Type 2 diabetes begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. Read diabetes mellitus type 1 books like the sugarless plum and medical management of type 1 diabetes for free with a free 30day trial.
Type 3 diabetes elevated blood sugar can lead to brain. Features type 1 type 2 age of onset usually less than 20 years usually greater than 30 years body mass low wasted to normal obese plasma insulin low or absent normal to high initially plasma glucagon high, can be suppressed high, resistant to suppression. Diabetes occurs when the level of glucose sugar in the blood becomes too high. Type 1 diabetes affects about 5% of people in the united states with diabetes.
Fnn 301 diabetes 20 objectives 1 types of diabetes. Diabetes powerpoint biology project by stephanie campana. National clinic guidelines for management of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes leads to absolute insulin deficiency due to a genetically mediated immunologic destruction of the islet cells. Insulin is needed to allow sugar to move from the blood stream into the cells to be used for energy. Hypoglycemia occurs when you dont have enough glucose sugar in your. Type 1 diabetes about t1d type 1 diabetes t1d is an autoimmune disease in which a persons pancreas stops producing insulin, a hormone that enables people to get energy from food.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with certain genetic predispositions, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and the dynamic interactions between all of these different aspects. Diabetes is a name given to the distinct conditions in which there is a large amount of glucose in the blood and it is the ability of the body to convert or change glucose i. In 2007, type 2 diabetes represents a major public health issue all over the world, becoming a diabetes epidemic as stated by zimmet. Media in category diabetes mellitus type 1 the following 36 files are in this category, out of 36 total. Pancreatogenic diabetes is a form of secondary diabetes, classified by the american diabetes association ada and the world health organization as type 3c diabetes mellitus t3cdm. Diabetes mellitus, of both types i and ii, is the most common endocrine disorder and. Studies of the natural history of diabetic nephropathy have been carried out in small numbers of mainly hypertensive diastolic bp 90 mm hg patients, revealing a large variation in the decrease in glomerular filtration rate gfr. Regardless of when youre diagnosed, the sooner you take ownership of your disease, the sooner you become its master. Diabetes powerpoint biology project by stephanie campana on. General practice management of type 2 diabetes racgp. Assessment and management of patients with diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus clinical manifestations classic symptoms. Over time your pancreas isnt able to keep up and cant make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose levels normal. In individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes see table 1, type 2 diabetes can be delayed or.
Type 3 diabetes diabetes forum the global diabetes. Over the last decade, major advances have been made in our understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular biology of type 2 diabetes 1,2. Normally, after we eat, various foods are broken down in the gut into sugars which are then absorbed into the body. Download the old style pdf version of this food fact sheet. Children have a 5% to 6% chance of developing diabetes if their father has type 1 diabetes, and a 3% to 4% chance if their mother has type 1 diabetes. He was obese and had hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea, but no known cardiovascular disease. The link given by sue above is to problems related to alzheimers. Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus michigan medicine.
Pathophysiology type 2 diabetes normally results from the progressive development of insulin resistance eg, in liver and muscle cells and the subsequent dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells. Diabetes mellitus type 2 ncp scribd diabetes mellitus. Our mission is to provide a free, worldclass education to anyone, anywhere. National clinical guidelines for management of diabetes mellitus v foreword the prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancers has been on the increase in kenya in the recent past. The aim of our longterm observational followup study was to describe the natural history of diabetic nephropathy in normotensive type 1 diabetic patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with obesity, lack of exercise and eating too much sugary food. Type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm is the commonest form of diabetes constituting 90% of the diabetic population. After 3 months, 7 of the 11 people studied were free of type 2 diabetes. The world health organization has predicted that the major burden will occur in the developing countries and there will be a 42% increase. Discover diabetes mellitus type 1 books free 30day trial. Diabetes is a condition where the amount of glucose sugar in your blood is too high because your. And while some people can control their blood sugar levels with.
Nutrients in food are changed into a sugar called glucose. In our country, in adults aged 18 and over, obesity prevalence body mass index bmi. Destruction of beta cells leads to a decrease in insulin production, unchecked glucose production by the liver and fasting hyperglycemia. Risk factors and complications of type 2 diabetes in asians. Learn from diabetes mellitus type 1 experts like zippora karz and. Diabetic encephalopathy is referred to any cognitive dysfunction fallowing diabetes mellitus dm.
National clinic guidelines for management of diabetes melitus. The nurse should encourage exercise in diabetic patient because it a. Diabetes mellitus type 2 ncp scribd people at high risk who already had early signs of impaired glucose tolerance significantly reduced their risk by losing only 57 percent of their body weight and performing moderate physical activity for 30 minutesday. Nur 201 diabetes powerpoint diabetes mellitus diabetes. However if these changes progress undetected they can lead to vision loss and blindness. Dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle are the major factors for rapidly rising incidence of dm among developing countries. If such samples fail to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, it will usually be advisable to maintain surveillance with periodic retesting until the diagnostic situation becomes clear. Type 2 diabetes 90% of people with diabetes have type 2. It occurs when the bodys immune system attacks and destroys the insulinproducing cells in the pancreas, called beta cells. Clinical characteristics of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Type 3 diabetes diabetes forum the global diabetes community.
Americans are living with diabetes, and 86 million are living with prediabetes, a serious health condition that increases a persons risk of type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases cdc 2017 diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the united. Beverly thomassian, rn, bcadm, mph, cde revised and updated by health science editor. Diabetic neuropathies dn heterogeneity in type 1 and. It is diagnosed in every ethnic group, but is most frequent in individuals of european ancestry. Intensive glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitusa. Facts type 1 diabetes research funding and advocacy. In diabetes, the body does not use the food it digests well. People with type 1 diabetes cannot make insulin and without insulin. Type 1 diabetes a summary what is diabetes and what causes type 1 diabetes.
A few years ago, the concern of the diabetes epidemic was restricted to the us while the other parts of the world were not considered as threatened. It has a less favorable outcome after surgical decompression, as diabetes slows nerve regeneration. Insulin is necessary for the transportation of glucose from the blood to the cells and tissues of the body. Prediabetes the initial stages, or symptoms, leading up to the onset of full blown type 2 diabetes. The insulin resistance preceding type 2 diabetes is commonly referred to as the metabolic syndrome. The fact that about 80% of people with type 2 diabetes are obese highlights a clear association between type 2 diabetes and obesity abdominal obesity in.
The three main causes of the diabetes coma is severe low blood sugar hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis dka, diabetic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome in type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately beyond type 1 and 2 there is no standard definition. Meanwhile, type 2 diabetes can cause toxic proteins to accumulate in the brain and it may impair the brains ability to clear out waste products, too, explains suzanne craft, ph. Pathophysiology type ii diabetes video khan academy. This question deserves attention, since as many as 25% of type 1 diabetic patients with this complication are normotensive 6, 10.
Lifelong risk of close relatives of a type 1 diabetes patient developing the disorder is high. People who have type 1 diabetes can no longer make this hormone. A few sources also refer to double diabetes ie type 1 with insulin resistance as type 3. Discover diabetes mellitus type 1 books free 30day. There is a positive association between type 2 dm and a. A guide for parents and patients type 1 diabetes is a disease caused by a lack of insulin. In type 2 diabetes, your body does not use insulin properly. Basic facts about type 1 diabetes type 1 diabetes accounts for about 510% of diabetes worldwide. Clinical features, diagnostic criteria and pathogenesis of. The latter condition consists of a cluster of risk factors, which are thought to be either causes or consequences of insulin resistance. Encourage all people with type 2 diabetes to approachreach these goals. It is thought that some of the mothers chromosomal material, or dna, gets inactivated when passed on to the child, thereby accounting for the difference in the childrens diabetes risk. Well, glucose is an important source of energy which is required by our body because it acts as a fuel in our body.
People with type 1 diabetes take insulin by injection with a syringe, an insulin pen, or an insulin pump. Type 1 diabetes is a disease that requires you to take charge. Diabetes mellitus dm, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders. Without insulin, your blood glucose rises and is higher than normal, which is called hyperglycemia. Diabetic coma is a reversible form of coma found in people with diabetes mellitus. But over time, all of us deal with adult type 1 diabetes whether we come to it new or with years of experience. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes.
This has been occasioned by changes in social and demographic situation in the country. This is why this condition is called type 3 dm t3dm or alzheimer disease steen et al. While type 1 diabetes is commonly diagnosed during adolescence and early adulthood, it can occur at any age. The most common is type 2 diabetes, usually in adults, which occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesnt make enough insulin. Pathophysiology and clinical guidelines the academy of dental learning and osha training, llc, designates this activity for 7 continuing education credits 7 ces.
In type 2, the cells of the body do not use insulin well. It is hard for the body to use carbohydrates and fats. The global prevalence of diabetes is estimated to increase from 4% in 1995 to 5. The pathogenesis and natural history of type 1 diabetes. Diabetic neuropathies dn heterogeneity in type 1 and type 2. This form of diabetes, which accounts for only 510% of all diabetes, is a juvenileonset. The increase in obesity is not only restricted to the us, but is becoming a major public health concern in france. Progression of diabetic nephropathy in normotensive type 1. Discover the best diabetes mellitus type 1 books and audiobooks. A common underlying factor in the development of type 1 diabetes is a genetic susceptibility. People with type 2 diabetes need to control their blood glucose.